Allergies and Anaphylaxis

• Allergies occur when the body's immune system misidentifies common proteins as dangerous intruders. The immune system reacts by releasing immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to fight allergens released in the blood. These antibodies in turn release histamines. These can cause mild to moderate allergic symptoms, such as a runny nose, itchy throat and eyes, sneezing and restricted breathing. When an excessive amount of IgE is released into the bloodstream this can result in a life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis.
  
  

Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

• Anaphylaxis affects the entire body. The blood vessels expand to the point where the blood pressure drops precipitously. A person experiencing anaphylaxis may exhibit flushed skin, hives, swelling of the lips and mouth, excessive sweating, shortness of breath, nausea and abdominal cramps. Light-headedness, confusions and convulsions can occur. A dangerously low blood pressure may result in death.
  
  

What Causes Anaphylaxis

• Allergies that result in anaphylaxis are typically the result of sensitivity to a certain food or an insect bite. However, according to the Asthma & Allergy Foundation, medications are the leading cause of anaphylactic-related deaths. Medications that typically result in anaphylaxis are penicillin, aspirin, muscle relaxants, seizure medications and dyes used in nuclear imaging.
  
  

Preventing Anaphylaxis

• If you have a known allergy to a drug, make sure that all of your physicians are informed. Be apprised of generic names for drugs that you are allergic to, and be aware that certain prescription drugs can cause a cross-reaction. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires that all packaged food contain a warning if it contains a food type commonly associated with allergies and anaphylaxis (such as peanut products, dairy and shellfish). Carefully read all labels before purchase. If you or your child experience severe allergic reactions, wear a medical identification bracelet or necklace.
  
  

Treating Anaphylaxis

• In most cases, people who experience anaphylaxis receive emergency hospital care that involves receiving a shot of epinephrine and close monitoring. Your doctor may advise that you carry auto-injectible epinephrine with you, such as an EpiPen or Ana-kit. Antihistamines and prescription steroids can also reduce symptoms of anaphylaxis.