Predicting the Disease Status of Patients With HBV
Predicting the Disease Status of Patients With HBV
To identify complementary laboratory indices for determining the disease status of patients with hepatitis B virus. Subjects were divided into six groups: hepatitis B virus carrier, mild chronic hepatitis B, moderate chronic hepatitis B, severe chronic hepatitis B, fulminant hepatitis B and healthy controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were measured by an automatic analyser. The levels of T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and inducible nitric oxide synthase were measured by ELISA. T-cell immunoglobulin domain, mucin-domain-containing molecule-3, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly higher in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B compared with those in patients with mild and moderate chronic hepatitis B or fulminant hepatitis B (P < 0.05). When normal or abnormal alanine aminotransferase was present, significant differences between macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 levels between patients with mild, moderate, severe chronic hepatitis B or fulminant hepatitis B were observed (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 could serve as alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin or total bilirubin complementary indices for determining the status of patients with hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. According to the most recent World Health Organization report, 360 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV. HBV is responsible for 500 000 to 700 000 deaths annually. Moreover, HBV infection is closely associated with an increased risk of liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis B, fulminant hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)s.
Hepatitis B is characterized by varying degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation, and acute disease classification on the basis of histological, clinical and serological factors may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis B. The diagnosis of HBV infection and liver disease associated with HBV is generally based on a number of serological and biochemical markers, and viral antigens in serum, such as HBV DNA, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Nevertheless, as hepatitis B has a variable and dynamic course, the levels of serological markers are not stable and intermittent up-regulation or down-regulation of serological levels are commonly found in patients with varying degrees of disease severity and progression. Conventional laboratory parameters cannot precisely distinguish disease status and progression. Therefore, it is necessary to identify additional indices that recognize varying degrees of hepatitis B progression.
A total of 1473 genes at the early stage of concanavalin A (ConA)-triggered fulminant hepatitis have been previously identified using the gene microarray technique, including the T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim3), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Based on these findings, the aims of this study were to determine which indices might be useful in recognizing varying stages of HBV-related liver disease and to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis B.
Abstract and Introduction
Abstract
To identify complementary laboratory indices for determining the disease status of patients with hepatitis B virus. Subjects were divided into six groups: hepatitis B virus carrier, mild chronic hepatitis B, moderate chronic hepatitis B, severe chronic hepatitis B, fulminant hepatitis B and healthy controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were measured by an automatic analyser. The levels of T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and inducible nitric oxide synthase were measured by ELISA. T-cell immunoglobulin domain, mucin-domain-containing molecule-3, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly higher in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B compared with those in patients with mild and moderate chronic hepatitis B or fulminant hepatitis B (P < 0.05). When normal or abnormal alanine aminotransferase was present, significant differences between macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 levels between patients with mild, moderate, severe chronic hepatitis B or fulminant hepatitis B were observed (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 could serve as alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin or total bilirubin complementary indices for determining the status of patients with hepatitis B.
Introduction
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. According to the most recent World Health Organization report, 360 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV. HBV is responsible for 500 000 to 700 000 deaths annually. Moreover, HBV infection is closely associated with an increased risk of liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis B, fulminant hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)s.
Hepatitis B is characterized by varying degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation, and acute disease classification on the basis of histological, clinical and serological factors may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis B. The diagnosis of HBV infection and liver disease associated with HBV is generally based on a number of serological and biochemical markers, and viral antigens in serum, such as HBV DNA, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Nevertheless, as hepatitis B has a variable and dynamic course, the levels of serological markers are not stable and intermittent up-regulation or down-regulation of serological levels are commonly found in patients with varying degrees of disease severity and progression. Conventional laboratory parameters cannot precisely distinguish disease status and progression. Therefore, it is necessary to identify additional indices that recognize varying degrees of hepatitis B progression.
A total of 1473 genes at the early stage of concanavalin A (ConA)-triggered fulminant hepatitis have been previously identified using the gene microarray technique, including the T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim3), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Based on these findings, the aims of this study were to determine which indices might be useful in recognizing varying stages of HBV-related liver disease and to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis B.
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