Link Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Syndrome
Link Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which there is repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in hypopnea (reduced airflow during sleep) or apnea (complete cessation of airflow during sleep). Patients with OSA may experience symptoms, including loud souring, frequent arousals, sleep fragmentation, and daytime sleepiness, which characterize obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Studies have shown that OSA is associated with increased risks of hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 4 % of men and 2 % of women in the general population were considered as having OSA in 1993. With the increasing epidemic of obesity, the prevalence of OSA among adults is estimated to be up to 17 %.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, including central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of MS varies between 20 and 40 % worldwide and tends to increase in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. In the past decade, numerous studies have indicated a relationship between OSA and MS, but the results remain debatable. Coughlin et al. found that OSA was independently associated with an increased risk of MS, irrespective of age and body mass index (BMI). However, Papanas et al. showed that the strong association between the presence of OSA and MS became non-significant when BMI was considered.
Based on these findings, and the fact that no meta-analysis has been conducted on this relationship, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between OSA and MS.
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which there is repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in hypopnea (reduced airflow during sleep) or apnea (complete cessation of airflow during sleep). Patients with OSA may experience symptoms, including loud souring, frequent arousals, sleep fragmentation, and daytime sleepiness, which characterize obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Studies have shown that OSA is associated with increased risks of hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 4 % of men and 2 % of women in the general population were considered as having OSA in 1993. With the increasing epidemic of obesity, the prevalence of OSA among adults is estimated to be up to 17 %.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, including central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of MS varies between 20 and 40 % worldwide and tends to increase in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. In the past decade, numerous studies have indicated a relationship between OSA and MS, but the results remain debatable. Coughlin et al. found that OSA was independently associated with an increased risk of MS, irrespective of age and body mass index (BMI). However, Papanas et al. showed that the strong association between the presence of OSA and MS became non-significant when BMI was considered.
Based on these findings, and the fact that no meta-analysis has been conducted on this relationship, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between OSA and MS.
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