Unsafe Drug Ethex Morphine And ItsSide Effects
Commercial production began in Darmstadt, Germany in 1827 by the pharmacy that was later to become the pharmaceutical company Merck, with morphine being one of their major products in the early part of their growth. It became more popular later, in 1857 due to the invention of the hypodermic needle.
It was later found that morphine was more addictive than opium, and its indiscriminate use during the American Civil War allegedly resulted in what came to be known as ‘the soldiers' disease' as most of the victims were soldiers wounded in battle or due to other related causes, though the subject has been mired in controversy as there were suggestions of the rumour being a fabrication. The phrase "soldier's disease" was first documented in 1915 during the Great War or the First World War.
In 1874, diacetylmorphine (heroin) was developed from morphine by Bayer and introduced in the market in 1898. It was known to be at least 50-100% more effective than morphine.
Morphine came under the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914 and became a controlled substance in the United States resulting in its possession without prescription being made a criminal offense. Before oxycodone (1916) and the dihydromorphinone class of opioids (1920s), there was no other drug in the same league as morphine and heroin as synthetics were still several years away. In fact even today, morphine still has a demand that surpasses all prescription narcotics by habitual users.
SIDE EFFECTS:
Overdose: A large overdose can result in asphyxia and death by respiratory depression if there is no timely medical intervention. Naloxone helps in stabilizing cases of morphine overdose as it reverses morphine's effects but it may require multiple doses.
Contraindications: The following conditions are relative contraindications for morphine:
WARNINGS: Morphine is a very beneficial medicinal agent with great utility purposes but has considerable potential for harmful effects, which includes psychological and physical tolerance and dependence. Withdrawal symptoms are most likely to occur on its abrupt discontinuation or administration. It, like other opiates, produces relaxation, indifference to pain and stress, lethargy, and euphoria. Subjects who receive narcotics on a regular basis for prolonged periods of time will have a tendency to exhibit mild symptoms upon discontinuation and may not be recognizable as withdrawal symptoms. However, the majority of opiate-dependent patients who receive them for medical reasons do not develop drug-seeking behavior or compulsive drug use. Personality traits play a major role in determining who are likely to become abusers. Morphine and other opiates should be used only if other medicines less hazardous are ineffective, and acknowledging the possibility of its masking significant manifestations of disease which should be identified for proper diagnosis and treatment.
To know more about the drug please visit: http://www.unsafedrugs.com/
It was later found that morphine was more addictive than opium, and its indiscriminate use during the American Civil War allegedly resulted in what came to be known as ‘the soldiers' disease' as most of the victims were soldiers wounded in battle or due to other related causes, though the subject has been mired in controversy as there were suggestions of the rumour being a fabrication. The phrase "soldier's disease" was first documented in 1915 during the Great War or the First World War.
In 1874, diacetylmorphine (heroin) was developed from morphine by Bayer and introduced in the market in 1898. It was known to be at least 50-100% more effective than morphine.
Morphine came under the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914 and became a controlled substance in the United States resulting in its possession without prescription being made a criminal offense. Before oxycodone (1916) and the dihydromorphinone class of opioids (1920s), there was no other drug in the same league as morphine and heroin as synthetics were still several years away. In fact even today, morphine still has a demand that surpasses all prescription narcotics by habitual users.
SIDE EFFECTS:
- Constipation: Similar to opioids, morphine reduces gut motility by acting on the myenteric plexus in the intestinal tract, resulting in constipation.
- Addiction: As with all other opioids, morphine is highly addictive as mentioned in the American Civil War and the Great War of 1914-18. In certain studies under controlled environment, which compared the physiological and subjective effects of injected heroin and morphine in addicts formerly users of opiates, they exhibited no preference for one drug over the other with both being equally effective, with no difference in feelings of euphoria, ambition, nervousness, relaxation, drowsiness, or sleepiness, when they rated themselves.
- Withdrawal: Ceasing use of morphine creates a typical withdrawal syndrome akin to all opioids, which is not fatal by itself in healthy patients like the withdrawal symptoms of barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
Overdose: A large overdose can result in asphyxia and death by respiratory depression if there is no timely medical intervention. Naloxone helps in stabilizing cases of morphine overdose as it reverses morphine's effects but it may require multiple doses.
Contraindications: The following conditions are relative contraindications for morphine:
- Acute respiratory depression
- Renal failure
- Chemical toxicity (potentially lethal in low-tolerance patients)
- Raised intracranial pressure which may induce head trauma (risk of worsening respiratory depression).
- Biliary colic.
WARNINGS: Morphine is a very beneficial medicinal agent with great utility purposes but has considerable potential for harmful effects, which includes psychological and physical tolerance and dependence. Withdrawal symptoms are most likely to occur on its abrupt discontinuation or administration. It, like other opiates, produces relaxation, indifference to pain and stress, lethargy, and euphoria. Subjects who receive narcotics on a regular basis for prolonged periods of time will have a tendency to exhibit mild symptoms upon discontinuation and may not be recognizable as withdrawal symptoms. However, the majority of opiate-dependent patients who receive them for medical reasons do not develop drug-seeking behavior or compulsive drug use. Personality traits play a major role in determining who are likely to become abusers. Morphine and other opiates should be used only if other medicines less hazardous are ineffective, and acknowledging the possibility of its masking significant manifestations of disease which should be identified for proper diagnosis and treatment.
To know more about the drug please visit: http://www.unsafedrugs.com/
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