Types

• Blood tests measure two types of cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins in the body: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A good level of cholesterol refers to a low level of LDL, optimally below 100 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). Desirable total cholesterol levels measure below 200 mg/dL and HDL levels above 60 mg/dL.
  
  

Function

• Cholesterol, a fat-like substance, helps form hormones, vitamin D and aids in digestion. HDL, or "good cholesterol," transports excess cholesterol to the liver where it is removed from the body. LDL, or "bad cholesterol," moves cholesterol to other parts of the body where it builds up on arteries and reduces blood flow.
  
  

Significance

• Elevated LDL cholesterol levels determine risk of heart disease and potential for a heart attack or stroke; low cholesterol levels significantly reduce the risk.
  
  

Maintenance

• A healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and medication can lower LDL and raise HDL levels.
  
  

Considerations

• High cholesterol is asymptomatic; an individual could have high cholesterol and not know it. Cholesterol levels should be measured at least every 5 years.
  
  Target goals for LDL may vary for individuals who already have heart disease.
  
  Genetic factors influence cholesterol levels.
  
  To reduce blood cholesterol levels, reduce consumption of saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol, and increase consumption of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and omega-3-rich fatty fish.