Knife and Compass

• A knife is an essential tool for surviving harsh winter conditions. Whether you use the knife to cut fishing line or to gather food, such as mushrooms or sap, it is the most important tool you need. A compass helps you find your way, especially if there is cloud cover and it is difficult to determine the sun's position in the sky.
  
  

Snowshoes, Skis and Winter Clothing

• Snowshoes are a must for winter survival, especially if you are in an area with deep snowfall. Without snow shoes, it is almost impossible to traverse deep snow without exhausting your energy and soaking your clothes. Make your own snowshoes using a knife, wood from nearby trees and rope or cord. Cross-country skis are a necessity, especially if you are traversing long distances. They enable you to travel greater distances in the snow. Unfortunately, when not in use, cross-country skis are bulky and cumbersome to carry. For survival clothing in the winter, the three-layer system is recommended. Each layer has a specific function, and the object is to allow you to remove layers as conditions change. The layers range from lightweight to heavyweight with the lighter weight layer closest to the body.
  
  

Hiking Boots and Socks

• A good pair of waterproof hiking boots is imperative. In addition, it is important to have a pair of thick socks that are designed to wick moisture. Winter conditions consist of snow and ice, which means anything you wear is subject to getting wet. Waterproof boots help alleviate problems such as frostbite.
  
  

Sleeping Gear

• Not all sleeping bags are the same. Make sure you have a sleeping bag designed to keep you warm in sub-zero temperatures. If possible, carry a hiking tent designed for harsh winter weather conditions as well.
  
  

Fishing Line and Cord

• Fishing line is needed to catch fish. Make a hook with a dried twig and attach fishing line to drop into a pond or stream. Use fishing line to tie light-weight objects together, and use cord to tie heavy-weight objects. Cord is also useful for making snowshoes or bindings for other objects as well.
  
  

Fire Starter

• Have both matches and lighters available for fire starting. Matches will not light if wet, so it is important to have a back-up method. If possible, carry or gather small pieces of dry fat lighter. Fat lighter, or fat wood, is old pine wood that contains a high concentration of flammable sap.
  
  

Dried and Dehydrated Food

• Dried and dehydrated foods are an essential tool in winter survival; they are lightweight, compact and easy to carry. Buy dehydrated vegetables, fruit and meat, or make your own in advance.