Root Structure

• Most plants and trees have similar root characteristics and similar means of taking in nutrients and water. All roots have numerous root hairs, thin extensions that reach out from all branches of the root system. The function of the root hairs is to take in nutrients and water from the surrounding soil. The more root hairs, the more nutrients the root can absorb. Vascular tissues, located in the middle of a root, move the nutrients and water to the rest of the plant.
  
  

Primary Systems

• One type of root system in plants is a primary system. This type of system has one main root, with small roots extending from the sides. A common primary root is a taproot, which occurs when the root elongates downward. Well-known examples of taproots are carrots and radishes. In such plants, the edible portion of the root is the main root. The roots bring nutrients to the plant through the root hairs located on the main root and the smaller roots.
  
  

Lateral systems

• Another root system are lateral roots. In these systems, roots branch off one another in a continuous chain of root growth. Each extension of root contains the fine root hairs that absorb nutrients and water. Most well-developed plants will have roots that extend far beyond the growth of the plant above ground. When placed close together, plants with lateral root systems often have roots that connect with one another.
  
  

Aerial Systems

• Some plants form roots above the soil, and these systems are called aerials. Many species of orchids have this type of root. Plants with aerial systems rely on dew, moisture in the air or frequent misting to bring in water through petals and leaves. To absorb nutrients, aerial roots grow from the stems and attach to surrounding soil, other plants or decaying matter for nutrients. The aerial roots of many species of orchids grow fungi, which the orchid roots use for nutrients as well.
  
  

Root Care

• When planting or transplanting, take care that root systems are not damaged since this will affect how well the plant absorbs products from the soil. Also, keep plants in well-drained soil that is loose. This allows root systems to extend into the soil instead of limiting growth. Compacted roots will directly result in poor growth of the plant itself.