• PSA or prostate specific androgen test is a simple blood test that is done to ascertain the level of prostate specific antigen present in the male bloodstream. It is done by drawing blood with the help of a thin needle. A qualified paramedic does this test. PSA is located in the fluid that contains sperms. It performs the simple function of keeping the semen in its liquid form. As of 2010, the PSA test is considered the most effective way of diagnosing prostate cancer.
  
  

Incontinence

• According to Cancer.org, some patients develop temporary incontinence as a result of a PSA Test. Incontinence is a condition in which the patient has no control over the flow of urine or the passage of stools. This is a condition that can cause embarrassment or social isolation. It usually corrects itself within a few days following the test.
  
  

Erectile Dysfunction

• A PSA test can also cause temporary erectile dysfunction. This is a condition in which the man is unable to have an erection that can be sustained long enough for proper and satisfying intercourse. Like incontinence, this problem too normally resolves itself shortly after the test is over.
  
  

False Positives

• The PSA test is controversial because there is no specific benchmark or criterion that necessitates this test and there are no specific and clear guidelines for reading the results. If the test is carried out and no malignancy is detected, it can lead to complications the patient would not have otherwise suffered from. At times, the test can also show benign cells as malignant ones, resulting in a false positive. This can lead to additional testing and treatments that are painful and have additional side effects.