Soil Analysis

• If possible, obtain a soil analysis from your local university extension before you plant your lawn. A soil test will provide exact measurements of the nutrients in your soil, as well as a pH analysis. The University of Missouri Extension recommends obtaining a soil test before laying sod, seed or sprigs, as well as every three years thereafter in the late summer. If you suspect a nutrient deficiency or have used potash or phosphate fertilizers for several years, you will also benefit from a soil analysis.
  
  

Watering

• Although you can water your lawn manually with above-ground sprinklers and hoses, HomeTips.com recommends installing an in-ground irrigation system for large lawns with regular watering needs. Irrigation systems can be adjusted to hit the grass in spots that need it most and can be either manual or automatic. Some automatic systems even come with moisture sensors, which prevent overwatering after a rainy period. Generally speaking, irrigation systems provide more even watering than other methods when they are properly installed and operated.
  
  

Mowing

• Mowing is one of the most important aspects of lawn appearance and overall health. Many homeowners make the mistake of mowing grass too short, which reduces root depth and increases weed growth. Although specific requirements vary by grass species, most lawns should be mowed to about 2 or 3 inches in height, according to the University of Illinois Extension. Never remove more than a third of the total grass height in one mowing, and always mow when the grass is dry.
  
  

Fertilizing

• Fertilizers should only be applied after obtaining a soil test, in order to avoid lawn damage. The three nutrients that lawns require most are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The percentage of each of these nutrients is listed on fertilizer labels. For example, a fertilizer labeled 10-10-10 contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. A fertilizer with all three nutrients is called a complete fertilizer. Many lawn fertilizers contain only nitrogen products and encourage dark green color and quick growth. These products may contain chemicals such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and calcium nitrate. Although nitrogen is the most commonly needed lawn nutrient, it is also the most likely to cause damage when overapplied, so always follow manufacturer's instructions carefully.